Peter made the way still easier for Simon by choosing his house as his abode while staying in Joppa. We can imagine that Simon the tanner found among the disciples of Jesus a fellowship which had been denied him before. The Jews looked upon tanning as an undesirable occupation and well they might, for at best it was accompanied with unpleasant odors and unattractive sights, if not even ceremonially unclean. An important characteristic of hides and skins is their large share in the prime cost of the leather (about 65–70 percent) therefore, the basic means for lowering the prime cost of production in leather factories is associated with better use of the raw materials.The only references to a tanner are in Acts 9:43 10:6,32. Heavy pigskin is also used for this purpose.Įvaluation of the quality of hides and skins is done by organoleptic, microbiological, histological, and chemical methods. Hides (the finer and lighter hides, as well as some of medium size) are used to make chrome-tanned leather for shoe uppers, Russia leather, harness and saddle leathers, welt leather and shoe bottoms, and industrial leather. Skins are used to make leather for shoe uppers, clothing, and haberdashery. In addition to these most important types of leather raw materials, the skins of reptiles (crocodiles, lizards, and snakes) and fish (wolf-fish, cod, burbot, sheatfish, dog salmon, giant sturgeon, and shark) are also used. Pigskin raw materials are the skins of domestic and wild swine. Hides are the skins of cattle, horses, donkeys, camels, deer, elk, walruses, and whales. Skins come from calves, foals, sheep, goats, and other small animals (young camels and seals). A distinction is made between common defects, found in skins of various types, and specific defects, belonging only to certain types of hides and skins.Ī distinction is made among skins, hides, and pigskin. During this time the skin is dressed (removal of bits of flesh and fat, remains of cartilage, bone, tendons, horns, hooves, and tail heads) and cleaned, after which it is preserved, collected in production batches, and stored. It cannot be kept in that condition for more than two hours. Blood remaining in the blood vessels of the skin lowers its quality.Ī hide or skin just taken from the animal is called fresh. During slaughter, the animal must be bled to the maximum. These factors are influenced by the origin of the animal (species, breed, sex, and age) and the conditions of its life (climate, captivity, and feeding), the time and method of slaughtering the animal (skins taken from animals that died naturally are of significantly lower quality), the method of removing the skin from the carcass, and the dressing, preserving, and storing of the skin. The suitability of a skin for making a particular type of leather, as well as the peculiarities of the manufacturing process, is determined by the skin’s thickness and the uniformity of thickness over its area by its size, weight, and density by the thickness of the epidermis and degree of development of the hair covering by the ratio of the papillose and reticulate layers of the dermis by the nature of the interlacing of fibers, the thickness and condition of the subcutaneous cells, the peculiarities and degree of development of the surface components, and the chemical composition and properties of the protein substances and by the presence of defects. The skins of domestic and wild animals, as well as fur seals, fish, and reptiles, that are used as the raw materials in making leather.
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